^{Used with permission of the Franciscan Handmaids of the Most Pure Heart of Mary}

The Georgia state legislature introduces a bill prohibiting whites from teaching Black students. Although the bill eventually fails, a community of Black sisters is formed to teach. In 1922 the sisters relocate to New York where they start a soup kitchen and begin educating local children. In 1929 they affiliate with the Franciscan Third Order, becoming the Franciscan Handmaids of the Most Pure Heart of Mary. Still active in Harlem, their ministries have spread elsewhere in the United States.